Robert Harding Whittaker (1920-1980) adalah seorang dibedakan Amerika tanaman ekologi , aktif pada 1950-an hingga 1970-an.
Born in Wichita, Kansas , he obtained a BA at Washburn Municipal College (now Washburn University ) in Topeka, Kansas , and, following military service , his Ph.D. at the University of Illinois . Lahir di Wichita, Kansas , ia memperoleh gelar BA di Kota Washburn College (sekarang Washburn University ) di Topeka, Kansas , dan, mengikuti dinas militer , ia Ph.D. di University of Illinois .
He held teaching and research positions at Washington State College in Hanford, Washington, the Hanford National Laboratories (where he pioneered use of radioactive tracers in ecosystem studies), Brooklyn College , University of California-Irvine, and, finally Cornell University . Dia memegang dan penelitian posisi mengajar di Washington State College di Hanford, Washington, Hanford Laboratorium Nasional (di mana ia mempelopori penggunaan pelacak radioaktif di ekosistem studi), Brooklyn College , University of California-Irvine, dan, akhirnya Cornell University .
Extremely productive, Whittaker was a leading proponent and developer of gradient analysis to address questions in plant community ecology . Sangat produktif, Whittaker adalah pendukung terkemuka dan pengembang analisis gradien untuk menjawab pertanyaan di pabrik ekologi masyarakat . He provided strong empirical evidence against some ideas of vegetation development advocated by Frederic Clements . Dia menyediakan bukti empiris yang kuat terhadap beberapa ide tentang perkembangan vegetasi yang dianjurkan oleh Frederic Clements . Whittaker was most active in the areas of plant community analysis, succession , and productivity . Whittaker paling aktif di bidang tanaman masyarakat analisis, suksesi , dan produktivitas ."During his lifetime Whittaker was a major innovator of methodologies of community analysis and a leader in marshaling field data to document patterns in the composition, productivity and diversity of land plant communities." [ 1 ] Thus Whittaker was innovative in both empirical data sampling techniques as well as synthesizing more holistic theories. "Selama nya seumur hidup Whittaker adalah inovator utama metodologi analisis masyarakat dan pemimpin dalam marshaling data lapangan untuk mendokumentasikan pola produktivitas, komposisi dan keanekaragaman komunitas tumbuhan tanah." [1] Dengan demikian Whittaker adalah inovatif pada kedua data empiris teknik sampling serta teori-teori sintesis holistik lebih.
He was the first to propose the five-kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into the Animalia , Plantae , Fungi , Protista , and Monera . Dia adalah yang pertama untuk mengusulkan lima-kerajaan klasifikasi taksonomi dari dunia biota ke dalam Animalia , Plantae , Fungi , Protista , dan Monera . He also proposed the Whittaker Biome Classification, which categorized biome-types upon two abiotic factors: temperature and precipitation. Dia juga mengusulkan Whittaker Biome Klasifikasi, yang dikategorikan biome-jenis pada dua faktor abiotik: suhu dan curah hujan.
Whittaker was elected to the National Academy of Science in 1974, received the Ecological Society of America 's Eminent Ecologist Award in 1980, and was otherwise widely recognized and honored. Whittaker terpilih menjadi anggota National Academy of Science pada tahun 1974, menerima Ekologis Masyarakat Amerika 's Eminent Ekologi Award pada tahun 1980, dan telah dinyatakan secara luas diakui dan dihormati. He collaborated with many other ecologists including George Woodwell (Dartmouth), WA Neiring, Herb Borman (Yale) and GE Likens (Cornell) , and was particularly active in cultivating international collaborations. Dia berkolaborasi dengan ekologi lainnya termasuk George Woodwell (Dartmouth), WA Neiring, Herb Borman (Yale) dan GE Likens (Cornell), dan terutama aktif dalam budidaya kolaborasi internasional.
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